MNHA: Total (TEH) and Current (CHE) Expenditure on Health
Data as of 2022Total and current expenditure on health in Malaysia, with a breakdown into public and private sectors.
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How is this data produced?
In general, national health accounts (NHA) seek to answer 4 questions pertaining to healthcare spending:
- How much is spent?
- Who spent it? (sources of financing)
- Where was it spent? (providers of healthcare)
- What was it spent for?(functions)
Malaysia's national health accounts are based on the Malaysian National Health Accounts (MNHA) framework, which is consistent with international NHA classifications but with minor modifications to suit local policy needs.
For this dataset specifically, total expenditure on health (TEH) comprises 'health expenditure' and 'health-related' expenditure from both public and private sectors.
- Health expenditure consists of all expenditures or outlays of medical care, prevention, promotion, rehabilitation, community health activities, health administration and regulation with the predominant objective to improve health.
- Health-related expenditure covers capital formation of healthcare provider institutions, education and training of health personnel, research and development, and all other health-related expenditures.
Current expenditure on health (CEH) is conceptually similar, but covers only health expenditure, i.e. it excludes health-related expenditure. The reason for publication of both TEH and CHE is that TEH (which has a broader scope) is used for domestic policy planning, while CHE is published for international comparability, as practiced by OECD and WHO countries since 2017. For a fuller description of the MNHA framework, you may refer to Chapter 2 of the most recent MNHA publication.
What caveats I should bear in mind when using this data?
The data may be revised in future updates, in accordance with the latest methodologies.
Publication(s) using this data
MNHA 2022, the latest edition of the Malaysian National Health Accounts published by the Ministry of Health Malaysia.
Metadata
Dataset description
Total and current expenditure on health in Malaysia, with a breakdown into public and private sectors.
Variable definitions
- Date
- Variable
- Sector
- Expenditure (RM)
Name in Dataset | Variable | Definition |
|---|---|---|
date (Date) | Date | The year of the expenditure in YYYY-MM-DD format, with MM-DD set to 01-01 because the data is an annual frequency. |
variable (Categorical) | Variable | Type of expenditure: Total Expenditure on Health (TEH) or Current Expenditure on Health (CEH). |
sector (Categorical) | Sector | Sector of expenditure: total, private, or public. |
expenditure (Float) | Expenditure (RM) | The amount of expenditure in Malaysian Ringgit. |
Last updated:
11 Nov 2024, 00:00
Next update:
N/A
Data source(s)
- Ministry of Health Malaysia
URLs to dataset
License
This data is made open under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). A copy of the license is available Here.
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Data
Full Dataset (CSV)
Recommended for individuals seeking an Excel-friendly format.
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Full Dataset (Parquet)
Recommended for data scientists seeking to work with data via code.
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Code
Connect directly to the data with Python.
# If not already installed, do: pip install pandas fastparquet
import pandas as pd
URL_DATA = 'https://storage.data.gov.my/healthcare/mnha.parquet'
df = pd.read_parquet(URL_DATA)
if 'date' in df.columns: df['date'] = pd.to_datetime(df['date'])
print(df)Sample OpenAPI query
The following code is an example of how to make an API query to retrieve the data catalogue mentioned above. You can use different programming languages by switching the code accordingly. For a complete guide on possible query parameters and syntax, please refer to the official Open API Documentation.
import requests
import pprint
url = "https://api.data.gov.my/data-catalogue?id=mnha&limit=3"
response_json = requests.get(url=url).json()
pprint.pprint(response_json)
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